by: Roger H. Schmedlen, CPP, CFE, CII, MIPI
Historically, except in high crime areas, there
has been little reason for concern with security in schools,
other than establishing countermeasures for traditional risks
such as fire and natural disasters. However, the growing
number of adverse high profile events occurring in schools has
significantly increased the awareness of other risks which may
exist in these environments--and dramatically highlighted the
intensified exposure to security related premises liability
litigation.
In most cases, schools do not offer exceptional risk and there
is no need to consider initiating the high levels of security
that would be appropriate in high risk facilities.
Security at schools would be considered adequate when it is
reasonable and appropriate for the environment. In most
cases, property perimeter barriers, enforced wearer
identification, metal detectors and removal of shrubbery--countemeasures
which might be appropriate in high risk industrial settings--are
unnecessary at typical educational facilities.
The following are some considerations for ensuring reasonable
security at schools and educational facilities in the United
States:
District Policies
Every school district should have a published
Crisis Management Plan that is fully understood by all
principals and administrators. In many states, State
Safety Standards or recommendations are available. In most
cases, if such standards exist, they should be incorporated into
the Crisis Management Plan. By adopting accepted industry
standards, districts minimize exposure to litigation, as well as
improving the odds of successfully dealing with a crisis.
Occasionally outside domestic situations arise which result in
immediate temporary risk to students. For instance, a
parent of a student may call in to advise that an estranged
spouse has threatened to go to the school and remove their
child--or attempt a domestic kidnapping. Particularly in
elementary schools, middle schools and junior high schools,
there should be a method for administrative personnel to
communicate an immediate "lockdown" order to all
teachers and staff. Often a discreetly-coded low key
announcement on the school's public address system is the
easiest way to order this action. ("Mr. Jones is now
in the building," or "All teachers will be expected to
attend the domestic review meeting after school,"
etc.) Lockdown policies should be written policies.
It is highly recommended that a workplace violence preparedness
program be considered, since this hazard is increasing in all
work environments and today the single highest cause of death in
the workplace for females in the U. S. is homicide.
Specifically, it is recommended that in the event of a
possibility of spillover domestic violence involving a teacher
or employee working in schools, the at-risk employee be placed
on leave and removed from the school until the exposure has
passed, thus immediately eliminating risk to students.
Policy should require that employees report situations such as
this which could increase risk to students.